If you’re looking for the best wheelchairs for bariatric patients in 2025, I recommend considering models that combine high weight capacities, sturdy frames, and comfort features. Many options support up to 500 pounds with wide seats, reinforced steel frames, and durable upholstery. Lightweight foldable designs with rugged outdoor tires ensure both portability and stability. To find the perfect fit for your needs, explore the top choices that prioritize safety, support, and convenience—more details await as you explore further.
Key Takeaways
- Prioritize wheelchairs with high weight capacities (up to 700 lbs) and wide seats (20-30 inches) for bariatric support.
- Look for durable, reinforced steel frames with rust- and chip-resistant coatings for long-term reliability.
- Choose models with comfortable, easy-to-clean upholstery and adjustable footrests for enhanced user comfort.
- Opt for foldable, lightweight designs with large wheels and rugged tires for better portability and outdoor use.
- Ensure safety features like seat belts, anti-tippers, and secure brakes to promote secure, confident mobility.
Medline Excel Bariatric Wheelchair with 24″ Seat
If you’re looking for a wheelchair that can comfortably accommodate larger users, the Medline Excel Bariatric Wheelchair with a 24-inch seat is an excellent choice. It’s designed for adults and seniors, supporting up to 500 pounds, with plenty of space and strength. The wheelchair features a 24W x 18D seat, adjustable axles to raise or lower the seat by 2 inches, and easy-to-clean vinyl upholstery. Its durable chrome steel frame guarantees stability, while removable desk arms and swing-away footrests make transfers simple. Overall, it’s built for comfort, support, and long-term durability in daily use.
Best For: individuals requiring a heavy-duty wheelchair with ample space and a high weight capacity, such as larger adults and seniors seeking comfort and support.
Pros:
- Supports up to 500 pounds, ideal for larger users requiring extra stability.
- Features adjustable axles to customize seat height for optimal comfort.
- Removable arms and swing-away footrests facilitate easy transfers and user mobility.
Cons:
- Weighs 60 pounds, which may be heavier than standard wheelchairs to lift or transport.
- The large dimensions may require more storage space when folded.
- Vinyl upholstery, while easy to clean, may wear over time with frequent use.
Vive Mobility Bariatric Transport Wheelchair for Adults
The Vive Mobility Bariatric Transport Wheelchair is an excellent choice for those who need reliable support and easy portability, thanks to its foldable steel frame and lightweight design. Supporting up to 450 lbs, it features a spacious 27” wide seat and durable 12” wheels that glide smoothly over various terrains. Weighing just 48 pounds, it’s easy to fold and transport, making it perfect for travel or storage. The chair offers adjustable, swing-away leg rests and ergonomic hand grips for comfortable steering. Its sturdy construction guarantees safety and support, while the breathable upholstery keeps users comfortable during extended use. Setup is quick, with only the footrests needing attachment.
Best For: individuals requiring a durable, portable bariatric wheelchair with easy maneuverability and comfort for daily or travel use.
Pros:
- Supports up to 450 lbs for reliable, heavy-duty use
- Foldable steel frame for effortless storage and transport
- Adjustable, swing-away leg rests and ergonomic hand grips enhance comfort and control
Cons:
- 27” wide frame may not fit through narrow doorways; measure entryways prior to use
- Weighs 48 pounds, which may be challenging for some to lift or carry frequently
- Only the footrests require attachment upon arrival, which may be an extra step for some users
Vive Bariatric Wheelchair for Adults
For those seeking a durable and reliable wheelchair capable of supporting up to 400 pounds, the Vive Bariatric Wheelchair for Adults stands out as an excellent choice. Its heavy-duty steel frame guarantees stability and long-lasting support, while weighing just 45 pounds for easy portability. The wheelchair folds effortlessly, making it convenient for travel or storage. Comfort isn’t compromised, thanks to a wide 20-inch seat, padded armrests, and adjustable, swing-away footrests. Enhanced maneuverability comes from durable wheels and a push design, plus a hand-braking system for safety. With a 1-year guarantee and FSA/HSA approval, this wheelchair combines strength, comfort, and versatility.
Best For: individuals seeking a sturdy, reliable wheelchair that can support up to 400 pounds and offers comfort, portability, and safety features for everyday use or travel.
Pros:
- Supports up to 400 pounds with a durable steel frame for long-lasting stability
- Lightweight at 45 pounds, foldable for easy storage and transport
- Adjustable features like swing-away footrests and padded armrests enhance comfort and accessibility
Cons:
- May not fit through all standard doorways due to its 27-inch width
- Heavier than some standard wheelchairs, which could be a consideration for some users
- Requires regular maintenance of wheels and brakes to ensure optimal safety
Drive Medical Bariatric Transport Chair (Red, 22 Inches)
Designed for outdoor use and supporting up to 450 pounds, the Drive Medical Bariatric Transport Chair in red with a 22-inch seat is an excellent choice for bariatric patients who need a durable, portable mobility solution. Weighing only 33 pounds, it features a foldable frame for easy storage and transport. The chair offers comfort with padded armrests, swing-away footrests, and a seat belt for added safety. Its 12-inch flat-free rear wheels ensure smooth mobility, and safety is enhanced with anti-tippers and hand wheel lock levers. Heavy-duty nylon upholstery guarantees durability, making it a reliable, lightweight option for everyday use.
Best For: individuals weighing up to 450 lbs who require a durable, portable, and outdoor-capable bariatric transport chair for everyday mobility needs.
Pros:
- Supports up to 450 lbs with a sturdy, heavy-duty frame.
- Lightweight at only 33 lbs, making it easy to transport and handle.
- Features a foldable design for convenient storage and portability.
Cons:
- Limited to outdoor use, may not be ideal for indoor environments.
- The 22-inch seat width might not be suitable for all body sizes.
- No reclining or tilt features for added comfort during extended use.
Drive Medical BTR22-B Bariatric Heavy Duty Transport Wheelchair, Blue
If you’re seeking a durable and reliable mobility solution for bariatric patients, the Drive Medical BTR22-B Bariatric Heavy Duty Transport Wheelchair stands out with its robust construction and high weight capacity. It features a reinforced steel frame, cross braces, and nylon-reinforced upholstery, supporting up to 450 pounds. Despite its strength, it’s lightweight at just under 50 pounds, making it easier to transport. The wheelchair offers a 22-inch wide seat, large rear wheels, and swivel-away footrests for comfort and maneuverability. Plus, its foldable design and back carry pouch make storage and travel convenient, ensuring safety and ease for both users and caregivers.
Best For: individuals requiring a heavy-duty, portable transport wheelchair capable of supporting up to 450 pounds with comfort and ease of use.
Pros:
- Durable reinforced steel frame and cross braces ensure long-lasting reliability.
- Lightweight design (around 49 pounds) facilitates easy transport and handling.
- Features such as large rear wheels, swing-away footrests, and foldability enhance maneuverability and convenience.
Cons:
- The wide seat may not be suitable for users seeking a more compact or narrow fit.
- The size and weight may still be challenging for some caregivers to lift or store without assistance.
- Limited color options (primarily blue) may not match all aesthetic preferences.
Monicare Heavy-Duty Foldable Bariatric Wheelchair with 24-Inch Seat
Looking for a wheelchair that can comfortably support heavier users without sacrificing portability? The Monicare Heavy-Duty Foldable Bariatric Wheelchair with a 24-inch seat fits the bill. It supports up to 500 lbs and folds easily for transport and storage, making it perfect for both indoor and outdoor use. The large padded PU seat cushion provides all-day comfort, while adjustable swing-away footrests offer customizable support. Equipped with sturdy composite wheels and rubber tires, it delivers stability and smooth movement. Safety is prioritized with rear and hand brakes, and it allows for both self-propulsion and caregiver assistance, making it versatile for various needs.
Best For: individuals weighing up to 500 lbs seeking a portable, comfortable, and versatile bariatric wheelchair for indoor and outdoor use.
Pros:
- Supports heavy users up to 500 lbs with durable construction
- Foldable design for easy transport and storage
- Features adjustable swing-away footrests and safety brakes for customized comfort and enhanced security
Cons:
- May be heavier than standard wheelchairs due to heavy-duty build
- Large size could be less maneuverable in tight spaces
- Requires regular maintenance of rubber tires and brakes to ensure optimal performance
26″ Heavy Duty Bariatric Wheelchair for Adults
The Heavy Duty Bariatric Wheelchair for Adults stands out as a top choice for those who need reliable support and durability, thanks to its impressive 500-pound weight capacity and ultra-sturdy steel frame. Its heavy-duty slide tube construction with a sleek silver vein finish combines strength with style. The wide nylon seat ensures comfort for larger users, while the 8 x 2 semi-pneumatic urethane wheels provide smooth mobility. Adjustable in three positions, the chair offers a customized fit, and easy-to-use push-to-lock brakes enhance safety. Removable padded armrests and pneumatic leg rests elevate comfort and ease transfers, making this wheelchair a dependable, long-lasting solution.
Best For: Individuals requiring a robust, high-capacity wheelchair that offers durability, comfort, and safety for bariatric use.
Pros:
- Supports up to 500 lbs, ideal for larger users needing a sturdy wheelchair
- Heavy-duty steel frame with attractive silver vein finish for durability and style
- Adjustable features and removable padded armrests enhance comfort and ease of transfer
Cons:
- May be heavier than standard wheelchairs, affecting portability
- Larger size could be less maneuverable in tight spaces
- The wide seat and heavy frame might require extra effort to transport
Medline Heavy Duty Transport Chair (Blue Frame)
The Medline Heavy Duty Transport Chair with a blue frame is an excellent choice for those who need reliable support for up to 500 pounds. Its sturdy steel frame guarantees durability, while the large 22″ W x 18″ D breathable nylon seat provides maximum comfort. The foldable design makes storage and transport easy, and the attractive blue finish looks great. Large 12-inch rear wheels with locks give you better control and safety. Additional features like removable desk-length arms, swing-away footrests, and a seat belt enhance convenience and security, making this chair a practical solution for bariatric patients on the go.
Best For: individuals requiring a durable, bariatric transport chair with maximum weight support, comfort, and safety features for easy mobility.
Pros:
- Supports up to 500 lbs., ideal for bariatric users needing sturdy assistance.
- Foldable design for convenient storage and transport.
- Large 12-inch rear wheels with locks enhance control and safety.
Cons:
- Heavier than standard transport chairs due to its heavy-duty construction.
- May require more effort to maneuver for those with limited strength.
- The size might be less suitable for very narrow doorways or tight spaces.
Magshion Bariatric Wheelchair with 500 lb Capacity
If you need a reliable wheelchair that can handle heavier loads, the Magshion Bariatric Wheelchair with a 500 lb capacity is an excellent choice. Its foldable, lightweight design makes it easy to transport and navigate both indoors and outdoors. The generously sized PU seat offers comfort and durability, while adjustable swing-away footrests with heel loops provide customizable support. Equipped with large rubber wheels and rugged rims, it easily handles various terrains. Advanced braking systems ensure safety and control, whether you’re indoors or outside. Built for durability and independence, this wheelchair supports bariatric users up to 500 pounds with ease and reliability.
Best For: individuals needing a heavy-duty, portable wheelchair that offers comfort, stability, and safety for users up to 500 lbs both indoors and outdoors.
Pros:
- Foldable and lightweight design for easy transport and storage
- Durable PU seat and adjustable footrests for enhanced comfort and support
- Powerful tires and rugged rims provide excellent traction across various terrains
Cons:
- May be bulkier than standard wheelchairs due to heavy-duty construction
- Requires regular maintenance of brakes and tires for optimal safety
- Not suitable for users seeking a non-foldable or more compact wheelchair
24″ Heavy Duty Bariatric Wheelchair for Adults
Looking for a wheelchair that can handle higher weight capacities without compromising comfort or safety? The 24″ Heavy Duty Bariatric Wheelchair for Adults (model K7) is an excellent choice. It’s available in black and supports up to 500 or 700 pounds, featuring a sturdy, attractive frame designed for bariatric users. The heavy-duty vinyl seat, removable padded armrests, and adjustable elevating leg rests ensure comfort. Built with a durable steel frame and semi-pneumatic wheels, it offers stability and ease of propulsion. Safety is a priority with push-to-lock wheel locks and secure positioning. This wheelchair combines strength, comfort, and safety for heavier patients.
Best For: individuals requiring a heavy-duty, durable wheelchair with high weight capacity and enhanced comfort and safety features.
Pros:
- Supports up to 700 lbs with a sturdy, attractive frame designed for bariatric users
- Features adjustable elevating padded leg rests and removable full arms for customizable comfort
- Equipped with semi-pneumatic urethane wheels and push-to-lock locks for stability and safety
Cons:
- Heavier weight of the wheelchair may make it less portable for some users
- Larger size could be less suitable for tight spaces or narrow doorways
- May require assistance for transport due to its weight and size
Dynarex Bari+Max Bariatric Reclining Wheelchair
For bariatric patients requiring a versatile and supportive wheelchair, the Dynarex Bari+Max Bariatric Reclining Wheelchair stands out with its hydraulic reclining mechanism that allows the backrest to tilt up to 180°. Its heavy-duty steel frame, reinforced with dual cross braces, supports up to 500 pounds and features a foldable design for easy transport. The adjustable elevating leg rests create a seamless changeover from sitting to lying down, while padded vinyl upholstery ensures comfort. Safety is prioritized with wheel locks and anti-tippers. Plus, the tool-free adjustments and removable armrests make setup quick and hassle-free, making it a practical choice for enhanced comfort and support.
Best For: bariatric patients needing a versatile, supportive wheelchair with maximum weight capacity and adjustable reclining features.
Pros:
- Supports up to 500 pounds with a durable, heavy-duty steel frame.
- Hydraulic reclining backrest allows up to 180° tilt for optimal comfort and positioning.
- Foldable design with tool-free adjustments and removable components for easy transport and setup.
Cons:
- May be heavier than standard wheelchairs due to its heavy-duty construction.
- Padded vinyl upholstery might require regular cleaning and maintenance.
- The size and weight could be less suitable for users requiring ultra-lightweight mobility options.
Medline Excel Extra-Wide Wheelchair with 24″ Seat
The Medline Excel Extra-Wide Wheelchair with a 24-inch seat stands out as an excellent choice for larger users who need robust support and comfort. Its sturdy carbon steel frame, coated with rust- and chip-resistant chrome, guarantees durability and minimal maintenance. Designed for comfort, it features padded armrests, calf pads, and elevating leg rests to reduce pressure and improve ergonomics. Supporting up to 500 pounds, its wide seat accommodates bigger users comfortably. The navy vinyl upholstery is easy to clean, promoting hygiene. Plus, a convenient chart pocket on the back keeps essential documents accessible without interfering with the user.
Best For: individuals requiring a durable, extra-wide wheelchair with high weight capacity for comfortable, long-term use.
Pros:
- Sturdy carbon steel frame with rust- and chip-resistant chrome for durability
- Supports up to 500 pounds, accommodating larger users comfortably
- Easy-to-clean navy vinyl upholstery promotes hygiene and simplifies maintenance
Cons:
- Bulky design may be less maneuverable in tight spaces
- Heavier weight of the wheelchair could make transportation more challenging
- Limited color options for upholstery and frame finish
26 Inch Bariatric Wheelchair for Adults
An inch bariatric wheelchair for adults stands out as an excellent choice for those needing maximum support and durability. Its heavy-duty steel frame supports up to 700 lbs and features seat sizes from 22 to 30 inches, including extra-wide options with added aluminum footplates. The foldable design makes it easy to store and transport, while the semi-pneumatic urethane wheels and adjustable positions ensure smooth rides. Removable padded armrests, swing-away footrests, and lockable wheels offer enhanced comfort and safety. This wheelchair combines strength, stability, and convenience, making it ideal for long-term use by bariatric patients seeking reliable support.
Best For: individuals requiring a heavy-duty, supportive wheelchair capable of accommodating up to 700 lbs for long-term use and maximum stability.
Pros:
- Heavy-duty steel frame with a high weight capacity of 700 lbs ensuring durability and support
- Adjustable semi-pneumatic urethane wheels and customizable seat sizes for a tailored fit
- Foldable design with removable armrests and swing-away footrests for easy transport and enhanced accessibility
Cons:
- Heavier weight of the wheelchair may make manual handling more challenging for caregivers
- Larger seat sizes and extra-wide options may require more storage space when folded
- May be more expensive than standard wheelchairs due to its heavy-duty features and materials
26″ Bariatric Wheelchair with Removable Desk Arms and Elevated Leg Rests
A bariatric wheelchair with removable desk arms and elevated leg rests offers exceptional flexibility and comfort, making it ideal for patients who need both support and easy access during daily activities. The heavy-duty design supports up to 700 lbs and features wide seats in sizes up to 30 inches, ensuring stability and comfort. Padded, removable armrests and tool-free, pneumatic-leg rests allow for customized positioning and easy transfers. Built with a durable steel frame and heavy-duty nylon upholstery, it’s designed for long-term use. The adjustable wheels and safety locks enhance mobility and security, making this wheelchair a versatile choice for bariatric users seeking support and convenience.
Best For: individuals requiring a heavy-duty, customizable wheelchair that offers superior support, stability, and comfort for bariatric use.
Pros:
- Supports up to 700 lbs with wide seat options up to 30 inches for maximum stability and comfort
- Removable armrests and pneumatic leg rests allow for easy transfers and personalized positioning
- Durable steel frame and heavy-duty nylon upholstery ensure long-term use and reliability
Cons:
- Heavier weight of the wheelchair may make it more challenging to transport manually
- Larger seat widths may require more space for maneuvering in tight areas
- The bulkier design might be less convenient for users needing frequent portability
Factors to Consider When Choosing Wheelchairs for Bariatric Patients
When selecting a wheelchair for a bariatric patient, I focus on key factors like weight capacity to make certain of safety and reliability. I also consider seat width and adjustability to provide a comfortable fit, along with frame durability for long-term use. These elements help me choose a chair that offers both support and comfort tailored to individual needs.
Weight Capacity Considerations
Choosing the right wheelchair for bariatric patients requires careful attention to weight capacity to guarantee safety and durability. I always recommend selecting a chair whose weight capacity exceeds the user’s weight by at least 10-20%, ensuring added safety margin. For most bariatric users, a minimum weight capacity of 400 pounds is essential, but options up to 700 pounds are available for higher support needs. It’s vital to verify that the frame material and construction—like reinforced steel or heavy-duty alloys—are rated for the maximum weight. I also consider the wheelchair’s weight itself, as heavier models often provide increased strength but may impact portability. Always check manufacturer specifications and safety standards to confirm the chair’s weight capacity matches or exceeds the user’s requirements.
Seat Width Selection
Selecting the appropriate seat width is essential for ensuring comfort and safety for bariatric wheelchair users. A seat width of at least 22 inches is necessary to accommodate larger users comfortably and prevent pressure points that can cause skin breakdown. For ideal fit, measure across the widest part of the hips or thighs while seated. Many bariatric users benefit from a seat width of 24 inches or more, providing extra space and reducing discomfort. Wider options, like 26 or 30 inches, offer increased comfort for broader body types but may require careful consideration of doorways and available space. Ultimately, choosing the right width involves balancing user comfort, safety, and environmental constraints to promote mobility and independence.
Adjustability Options
Adjustability options play a key role in ensuring that a bariatric wheelchair fits the user’s unique body and mobility needs. Features like seat height, backrest angle, and footrest positions allow for precise customization, promoting better posture and comfort. Multiple adjustment settings help accommodate different body sizes and mobility requirements, reducing pressure points and discomfort. Tool-free mechanisms make it easy for caregivers or users to modify the chair without special tools, saving time and effort. Adjustable armrests and leg rests also improve ease of transfers and support, enhancing safety and independence. When these options are intuitive and accessible, they boost user satisfaction and overall usability, ensuring the wheelchair adapts seamlessly to evolving needs and daily routines.
Comfort and Cushioning
Since comfort is essential for users who spend extended periods in their wheelchair, paying attention to cushioning and padding is necessary. Adequate padding on the seat and backrest helps reduce pressure points and prevents discomfort. Memory foam or gel-infused cushions conform to your body shape and distribute weight more evenly, boosting comfort. Padded armrests and leg rests add extra support, especially important for those with sensitive skin or circulation concerns. Breathable, moisture-wicking upholstery keeps skin dry and reduces irritation or breakdown risk. Additionally, adjustable cushioning options allow customization to fit individual needs perfectly, ensuring ideal support and comfort. Prioritizing these features makes a significant difference in daily comfort and overall well-being for bariatric users.
Frame Durability
When choosing a wheelchair for bariatric patients, the frame’s durability plays a vital role in guaranteeing safety and longevity. Heavy-duty steel or reinforced aluminum frames are essential because they support higher weight capacities and resist bending or breaking under stress. Materials with rust- and chip-resistant coatings help prolong the wheelchair’s lifespan in various environments. Reinforced cross braces and thick tubing boost overall structural integrity, preventing wobbling or failure during use. A well-constructed frame should also accommodate wider seats and larger users without sacrificing stability or safety. Additionally, the design should allow for easy maintenance and repairs, ensuring the wheelchair remains durable over time. Prioritizing these factors helps guarantee a reliable, safe, and long-lasting mobility solution.
Maneuverability Features
Choosing a wheelchair with the right maneuverability features is vital for bariatric users to navigate various environments safely and comfortably. Larger wheel diameters, like 12 inches or more, help you move smoothly across different terrains. Swivel front casters make turning easier, especially in tight spaces, giving you better control. Adjustable wheel positions allow customization to improve handling and stability based on your needs. Larger rear wheels reduce the effort needed to propel the chair, making it easier to move around, even with extra weight. Features like handbrakes and wheel locks are essential for secure maneuvering, preventing unwanted movement during transfers or stops. These features work together to enhance your independence and confidence, no matter where you’re going.
Safety Mechanisms
Safety mechanisms are essential for ensuring stability and preventing accidents while using a bariatric wheelchair. Wheel locks and hand brakes are critical to prevent unintended movement when stationary, providing peace of mind. Anti-tippers are also indispensable, helping prevent the wheelchair from tipping backward, especially during transfers or on uneven terrain. It’s important that these safety features are easy to operate and reliably engage, so users can trust their stability at all times. Since bariatric wheelchairs support higher weights, safety mechanisms must be sturdy and durable enough to withstand frequent use. Regular inspection and maintenance are crucial to keep these safety features functioning properly over time, ensuring continued safety and confidence during daily use.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Safety Features Are Essential for Bariatric Wheelchairs?
Safety features like sturdy, reinforced frames are essential to prevent tipping or structural failure. I also look for secure seat belts and anti-tip wheels to enhance stability and prevent falls. Brakes that are easy to operate and reliable wheels guarantee safe maneuvering. Additionally, a well-padded, supportive seat reduces pressure points and promotes comfort, making the wheelchair both safe and comfortable for everyday use.
How Do Weight Capacities Vary Among Different Models?
Weight capacities wildly vary among models, ranging from around 300 to over 1,000 pounds. I’ve found that lightweight, lower-capacity chairs suit many users, but for heavier individuals, robust, high-capacity wheelchairs are essential. It’s important to match the model’s maximum weight limit with the user’s needs, ensuring safety and support. Always double-check the specifications before making a choice, so you get the right fit for comfort and security.
Are There Customizable Options for Comfort and Support?
Absolutely, many bariatric wheelchairs offer customizable options for comfort and support. I’ve seen models with adjustable footrests, customizable seat cushions, and adjustable backrests that help tailor the fit to individual needs. Some even allow for modifications like additional padding or specialized support accessories. These features make a huge difference in ensuring that users feel comfortable and supported throughout the day. I highly recommend exploring these options for a personalized experience.
What Maintenance Tips Prolong Wheelchair Lifespan?
To prolong your wheelchair’s lifespan, I recommend regular maintenance. Keep the wheels clean and check for debris that could cause damage. Lubricate moving parts monthly to guarantee smooth operation. Tighten any loose bolts or screws promptly. Inspect the upholstery and frame for signs of wear or damage, and address issues early. Also, follow the manufacturer’s maintenance guidelines and schedule professional check-ups annually to keep everything in top shape.
How Do Transport Wheelchairs Differ From Standard Bariatric Models?
Think of transport wheelchairs as the swift runners compared to the sturdy marathoners of standard bariatric models. Transport wheelchairs are lighter, foldable, and designed for quick trips, often without armrests or footrests. They’re perfect for caregivers or short-term use, making them more portable and easier to maneuver. Standard bariatric wheelchairs, on the other hand, emphasize durability and support for long-term, heavy-duty needs.
Conclusion
Choosing the right wheelchair isn’t just about support; it’s about reclaiming independence and dignity. Like a sturdy bridge, the best bariatric wheelchair can span the gap between limitation and freedom. Remember, comfort, durability, and proper fit are your guiding stars. So, take your time, weigh your options, and find that perfect match. After all, the right wheelchair isn’t just a chair—it’s a partner in your journey forward.
