If you’re looking for the 14 best electric carving knives in 2025, I’ve got you covered. These models offer powerful motors, ergonomic design, safety features, and versatile blades suitable for meats, bread, cheese, and more. Whether you want a cordless option for outdoor use or a heavy-duty model for frequent slicing, there’s something for everyone. Keep going to discover detailed reviews and help you find the perfect fit for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- Highlights the top-rated electric carving knives in 2025 for easy and precise slicing.
- Features essential details on power, blade types, safety, and ease of maintenance.
- Covers ergonomic design, portability, and user-friendly controls for better handling.
- Includes versatility for cutting meats, bread, fruits, vegetables, and craft projects.
- Provides insights on price ranges, warranties, and additional accessories for informed choices.
Hamilton Beach Electric Knife Set for Carving Meats and More
If you’re looking for an electric carving knife that combines versatility and ease of use, the Hamilton Beach Electric Knife Set is an excellent choice. I love how it handles slicing meats, poultry, and even homemade bread with ease. Its powerful 120-watt motor and serrated stainless steel blades deliver quick, precise, and even cuts every time, giving me confidence in my carving. The ergonomic, lightweight design makes it comfortable to use for extended periods, and the simple trigger control reduces fatigue. Plus, the compact storage case keeps everything organized, and the 5-foot cord provides ample reach, making it perfect for table carving or crafting projects.
Best For: those seeking a versatile, easy-to-use electric carving knife for meats, bread, and DIY projects with comfortable handling and convenient storage.
Pros:
- Powerful 120-watt motor ensures quick and precise cuts.
- Ergonomic, lightweight design reduces fatigue during extended use.
- Complete set includes blades, carving fork, and storage case for added convenience.
Cons:
- Cord length of 5 feet may be limiting in some setups.
- Serrated blades require careful cleaning to maintain sharpness.
- Not ideal for heavy-duty commercial carving tasks.
BLACK+DECKER 9-inch Electric Carving Knife
The BLACK+DECKER 9-inch Electric Carving Knife stands out for its ergonomic comfort grip handle, making it an excellent choice for anyone who values ease of control during slicing. The stainless steel serrated blades saw quickly and evenly through meats, bread, or foam, and they never need sharpening. Safety features like a lock button prevent accidental activation, while the blade release makes cleanup simple. Weighing just 0.75 pounds, it’s lightweight and easy to handle, with dishwasher-safe parts for convenience. Designed for durability and ease of use, this corded knife is perfect for both casual and frequent carvers seeking reliable performance.
Best For: individuals seeking a lightweight, durable, and easy-to-use electric carving knife for slicing meats, bread, or foam with safety features and dishwasher-safe parts.
Pros:
- Ergonomic comfort grip handle for increased control and ease of use
- Stainless steel serrated blades that saw quickly and never need sharpening
- Safety lock button and blade release for secure operation and easy cleaning
Cons:
- Corded design may limit mobility during use
- Only suitable for adult users; not designed for children
- Limited to specific applications like meats, bread, and foam, not versatile for other tasks
Electric Knife for Turkey, Meat Slicing, Bread, Fillet, Foam & More
For anyone seeking a versatile electric knife that makes slicing turkey, meat, bread, fillet, foam, and more quick and effortless, the HOMAIDER Electric Knife stands out as an ideal choice. It’s lightweight at just one pound, with an ergonomic handle for comfortable use, and an extra-long 70.9-inch cord for flexibility. The kit includes two stainless steel blades, a serving fork, and safety features like a dual lock to prevent accidents. Designed for high performance, it slices with minimal effort and operates quietly. Easy to clean with removable blades, it’s perfect for various culinary tasks, making meal prep faster and safer.
Best For: home cooks and food enthusiasts seeking a versatile, easy-to-use electric knife for slicing meats, bread, and other culinary tasks with safety and precision.
Pros:
- Lightweight (1 pound) with ergonomic handle for comfortable use
- Includes two stainless steel serrated blades and a serving fork for versatile applications
- Long 70.9-inch cord offers flexibility during use
Cons:
- Requires hand washing or dishwasher cleaning, which may be less convenient for some users
- Corded design limits mobility compared to cordless alternatives
- Only a 1-year warranty, which may be shorter than some competitors
HAUSHOF Cordless Electric Knife Set for Meat Slicing
Designed for versatility and convenience, the HAUSHOF Cordless Electric Knife Set makes effortless meat slicing accessible to home chefs and professionals alike. It includes 8 steak blades, 7 bread blades, a stainless steel fork, and a cordless handle, all stored in a sleek box. The cordless design offers flexible operation without cords, while the ergonomic handle provides a comfortable grip for precise control. With stainless steel reciprocating blades, it easily slices ham, turkey, roasts, fish, bread, vegetables, and fruit. Safety features like a locking system and auto-shutdown ensure secure use. Recharge via USB-C, and keep accessories organized with the included storage box.
Best For: home cooks and professional chefs seeking a versatile, cordless electric knife for efficient slicing of meats, bread, and produce with safety features and easy maintenance.
Pros:
- Cordless design provides flexibility and ease of use without cords.
- Includes a variety of blades and accessories for multiple slicing needs.
- Safety features like auto-shutdown and locking system enhance secure operation.
Cons:
- Requires regular charging; battery may need frequent recharging with heavy use.
- Continuous use should be limited to 10 minutes to prevent motor overheating.
- Blades and parts need to be hand washed or dishwasher safe, which may require careful handling.
NutriChef Electric Carving Turkey Slicer and Food Cutter Set
If you’re looking for a versatile and reliable electric carving set, the NutriChef Electric Carving Turkey Slicer and Food Cutter Set is a top choice. It’s perfect for Thanksgiving and everyday slicing needs, handling meat, bread, cheese, and even fruits like pineapple and melon. The set includes stainless steel blades—heavy-duty for meats and a bread blade for baked goods—plus a sturdy hardwood stand for storage. Safety features like a lock prevent accidents, while the ergonomic handle ensures comfortable use. Its portable design makes extended carving easier, giving you precision and control with every slice. This set truly simplifies food prep in any kitchen.
Best For: home cooks and entertainers seeking a versatile, safe, and efficient electric carving set for meats, bread, cheese, and fruits.
Pros:
- Includes multiple blades for various slicing tasks, enhancing versatility.
- Equipped with safety lock to prevent accidental injuries during storage and use.
- Ergonomic handle and portable design provide comfort and ease of maneuverability.
Cons:
- May require regular cleaning and maintenance of blades for optimal performance.
- Limited to slicing tasks; not suitable for heavy-duty industrial use.
- Storage stand may take up counter space if not stored in a drawer.
Electric Knife with 2 Blades for Meat and Bread
The electric knife with two blades for meat and bread stands out as an ideal choice for home cooks and entertainers who want quick, versatile slicing. Its easy-slice serrated blades, ergonomic handle, and stylish faux wood packaging make it both functional and attractive. The two stainless steel blades are reusable, dishwasher-safe, and perfect for cutting raw or cooked foods, from ham to turkey and even foam or DIY materials. With advanced motors that reduce heat, it offers durability and efficient operation. Designed for effortless carving, this knife simplifies meal prep, making it a must-have for holiday dinners and everyday use.
Best For: home cooks and entertainers seeking quick, versatile slicing of meats, bread, and DIY materials with ease and style.
Pros:
- Easy-slice serrated blades for effortless cutting of raw and cooked foods
- Reusable, dishwasher-safe stainless steel blades for quick cleaning
- Stylish faux wood packaging makes it an attractive gift option
Cons:
- Not suitable for slicing very slim pieces or cutting through bones
- Performance may be affected by the hardness or stickiness of food
- Limited to non-frozen foods, requiring careful handling of tougher items
Reemix Electric Knife Set (Z3042)
For those who need a versatile and reliable electric carving knife, the Reemix Electric Knife Set (Z3042) stands out with its powerful 100-watt motor and dual serrated blades. It’s perfect for slicing meats, poultry, bread, fruits, vegetables, and even crafting foam. The set includes a serving fork and a 6-inch wire for extended reach. Its reciprocating blades cut smoothly through various textures, while safety features like a dual lock system and ETL certification offer peace of mind. Easy to clean and designed for durability, this set provides consistent performance and reliability for all your carving needs.
Best For: home cooks, catering professionals, and hobbyists seeking a versatile, reliable electric carving knife for meats, bread, fruits, vegetables, and crafting foam.
Pros:
- Powerful 100-watt motor ensures fast, precise, and even slicing.
- Includes dual serrated blades for different materials and a 6-inch wire for extended reach.
- Safety features like dual lock system and ETL certification enhance user safety and peace of mind.
Cons:
- Recommended use limited to 5-minute intervals to prevent overheating.
- Wired design may restrict movement compared to cordless options.
- Requires regular cleaning and maintenance to keep blades corrosion-free and sharp.
Elite Gourmet Rechargeable Electric Carving Knife
The Elite Gourmet Rechargeable Electric Carving Knife stands out for its cordless convenience and lightweight design, making it ideal for those who want portability without sacrificing power. I love its modern black look paired with stainless steel blades, including four serrated blades that handle everything from meats to bread with ease. The one-touch trigger ensures safe operation, and the automatic disconnection adds an extra layer of safety. With a quick 1.5-hour recharge, it offers up to 70 minutes of continuous use—perfect for large or multiple slices. Its ergonomic, light build reduces fatigue, and the removable handle makes cleaning simple. It’s a versatile tool for home, outdoor, or DIY projects.
Best For: those seeking a portable, easy-to-use electric carving knife for home, outdoor, or DIY projects with versatile slicing capabilities.
Pros:
- Cordless design provides portability and convenience for outdoor use or in the kitchen without restriction.
- Lightweight and ergonomic, reducing fatigue during extended use.
- Quick recharge time of 1.5 hours with up to 70 minutes of continuous operation, ideal for large or multiple cuts.
Cons:
- Hand wash only, which may require extra care to maintain the blades.
- Limited usage time if the battery runs out during extensive tasks.
- May be less suitable for heavy-duty professional use compared to larger, corded models.
KEENSTAR Electric Knife for Carving Meat and Bread
If you’re looking for an electric carving knife that combines power and safety, KEENSTAR’s model is an excellent choice. It easily slices meats, bread, cheese, vegetables, and fruits with its two serrated stainless steel blades. The 150W motor delivers strong, efficient performance, perfect for carving turkey, ham, roast, and more. Its ergonomic handle ensures a comfortable grip, reducing fatigue during extended use, while the separate motor housing prevents heat buildup. The blades and fork are dishwasher safe, making cleanup simple. With a dual safety lock system and ETL certification, this knife prioritizes safety. Plus, KEENSTAR’s friendly customer support is available 24/7 for any concerns.
Best For: those seeking a powerful, safe, and easy-to-clean electric carving knife for slicing meats, bread, and other foods at home or in professional settings.
Pros:
- Powerful 150W motor offers efficient and effortless slicing of various foods
- Ergonomic handle and separate motor housing enhance comfort and safety during extended use
- Dishwasher-safe blades and fork simplify cleaning and maintenance
Cons:
- May be heavier or bulkier compared to manual knives, potentially affecting maneuverability
- Limited to slicing tasks; not suitable for other kitchen functions
- Requires electrical power, so not usable in locations without outlets
Electric Carving Knife Set with 60-Inch Power Cord for Meat and Bread
When I need reliable, extended reach for slicing meat or bread, I turn to the Electric Carving Knife Set with a 60-inch power cord. Its ergonomic black handle feels comfortable, reducing hand fatigue during prolonged use. The 100W motor and serrated blades cut up to 2000 times per minute, delivering fast, precise, and uniform slices. With two blades—one for meats and another for bread, plus a meat fork—the set is versatile. The long cord makes it perfect for larger kitchens, outdoor cooking, or camping. Plus, the lightweight design and easy-to-clean stainless steel blades make food prep efficient and hassle-free.
Best For: Home cooks, outdoor enthusiasts, and holiday hosts who need a reliable, versatile electric carving knife for meat, bread, and other foods with extended reach and ease of use.
Pros:
- Ergonomic handle reduces hand fatigue during prolonged use
- Powerful 100W motor with high-speed serrated blades for fast, precise slicing
- Long 60-inch cord offers excellent flexibility and reach for large kitchens or outdoor settings
Cons:
- Hand wash only, which may be less convenient for cleaning
- Blade replacement and maintenance require care to avoid damage
- Slightly heavier than manual knives, which may affect prolonged handling for some users
NutriChef Electric Carving Knife, 8.9″ Serrated Blade
For those seeking a versatile and easy-to-clean electric carving knife, the NutriChef Electric Carving Knife with its 8.9-inch serrated blade is a top choice. Its sharp grooved blades effortlessly slice through turkey, chicken, steak, pork, cheese, and bread, making meal prep a breeze. The removable blades simplify cleaning, while the stain-resistant housing keeps it looking fresh. Its lightweight, ergonomic handle offers comfortable control, reducing fatigue and accidents. With straightforward plug-in operation, this knife is perfect for holiday dinners or everyday slicing needs. The sleek black finish adds a modern touch, ensuring it’s both functional and stylish in your kitchen.
Best For: home cooks, holiday hosts, and anyone seeking an efficient, easy-to-clean electric carving knife for slicing meats, cheeses, and bread.
Pros:
- Sharp grooved serrated blades effortlessly cut through various foods with ease.
- Removable blades make cleaning quick and straightforward.
- Lightweight ergonomic design provides comfortable control and reduces fatigue.
Cons:
- The 8.9-inch blade may be less suitable for very large or deep cuts.
- Corded operation limits mobility and requires proximity to power outlet.
- Black housing, while stain-resistant, may show fingerprints and smudges more easily.
Electric Carving Knife Set with Stainless Steel Blades and Storage Case
The Electric Carving Knife Set with Stainless Steel Blades and Storage Case stands out as the perfect choice for home cooks and entertainers who prioritize ease and precision in their meal prep. It includes two serrated stainless steel blades, a carving fork, and a convenient storage case. Designed for slicing meats, bread, fruits, and vegetables, its reciprocating blades deliver clean, precise cuts to speed up your prep. Made from durable, military-grade 420 stainless steel, the blades stay sharp and resist wear. The ergonomic, lightweight handle offers a comfortable grip, while safety features prevent accidental contact. Dishwasher-safe and easy to store, this set makes carving effortless and safe.
Best For: home cooks, entertainers, and seniors who seek a safe, precise, and easy-to-use carving solution for meats, bread, and produce.
Pros:
- Durable military-grade 420 stainless steel blades ensure sharpness and wear resistance.
- Ergonomic, lightweight handle provides a comfortable grip, reducing hand fatigue during extended use.
- Safety lock feature and dishwasher-safe components enhance safety and simplify cleaning.
Cons:
- Continuous use limited to 1 minute before pausing to prevent motor overheating.
- May require careful handling to avoid accidental contact despite safety features.
- Storage case, while convenient, adds an extra component that must be kept organized.
Mueller Ultra-Carver Electric Knife for Meat and More
If you’re looking for an electric carving knife that delivers both power and versatility, the Mueller Ultra-Carver stands out as an excellent choice. Its stainless steel blades, made of ultra-sharp 420SS, cut through meats, bread, tomatoes, and even cakes with ease, never needing sharpening. The ergonomic handle offers comfort and control, while the powerful motor ensures fast, smooth slicing. With features like easy blade release, a carving fork, and dishwasher-safe blades, it’s designed for convenience. Whether carving Thanksgiving turkey or shaping foam craft projects, this lightweight, durable tool makes precision effortless. Plus, Mueller’s dedicated support adds peace of mind.
Best For: home cooks, grilling enthusiasts, and DIYers seeking a versatile, powerful electric carving knife for meats, breads, and craft projects.
Pros:
- Ultra-sharp stainless steel blades that never require sharpening for effortless slicing
- Ergonomic handle provides comfort and precise control during use
- Includes a carving fork and dishwasher-safe blades for added convenience and safety
Cons:
- Requires corded electric power, limiting portability and movement
- Hand wash only, which may be less convenient for some users
- Slightly heavier than some manual carving tools, potentially impacting prolonged use
Cordless Electric Knife with Rechargeable Battery and Stainless Steel Blades
A cordless electric knife with a rechargeable battery and stainless steel blades is ideal for anyone who values mobility and convenience in the kitchen. I love how it offers the freedom to move around without being tethered to an outlet. Its reciprocating serrated stainless steel blades cut through meats, bread, and vegetables with ease and precision. The ergonomic handle reduces hand fatigue, making long slicing tasks comfortable. With a lithium-ion battery, I get enough runtime for multiple uses, and the included charger and storage box keep everything organized. This modern, versatile tool is perfect for home, catering, or outdoor cooking, simplifying all my slicing needs.
Best For: Home cooks, catering professionals, and outdoor enthusiasts seeking a portable, versatile electric knife for slicing and carving with ease.
Pros:
- Cordless design offers unmatched mobility and convenience in the kitchen and outdoor settings
- Sharp, reciprocating serrated stainless steel blades provide precise cuts through various foods
- Ergonomic handle reduces hand fatigue during extended use
Cons:
- Average customer rating is 3.9 out of 5 stars, indicating mixed reviews
- Hand wash only, which may require extra care for cleaning and maintenance
- Limited runtime per charge may necessitate multiple recharges during extensive tasks
Factors to Consider When Choosing Electric Carving Knives

When choosing an electric carving knife, I focus on blade type and size to match my slicing needs, along with power and motor strength for efficient cutting. Safety features, ergonomic design, and whether the corded or cordless option suits my kitchen setup are also key considerations. Understanding these factors helps me pick a tool that’s comfortable, safe, and effective.
Blade Type and Size
Choosing the right blade type and size is essential for getting the best results with an electric carving knife. The blade’s design, whether serrated or straight, influences how easily it cuts through different foods. Serrated blades are excellent for soft items like bread or delicate fruits, while straight blades deliver clean, smooth cuts for meats and cheeses. Blade size also matters; longer blades, around 10 to 11 inches, are better for large cuts like roasts or turkeys, providing more control. Shorter blades, around 6 to 8 inches, offer precision for smaller or delicate slices. Additionally, the material, such as stainless steel or high-carbon steel, affects durability and sharpness retention. Selecting the right combination guarantees efficient, effortless slicing tailored to your specific needs.
Power and Motor Strength
The motor strength of an electric carving knife directly affects its cutting performance, especially when tackling tough meats or dense bread. A higher wattage motor, typically 100W or more, provides greater power and efficiency, making slicing easier and quicker. Stronger motors generate more torque, ensuring smoother, more consistent cuts without stalling or snagging. They also increase the reciprocating blade speed, resulting in faster, cleaner slices. This reduces the need for applying excessive pressure, which minimizes user fatigue and enhances safety. Additionally, a powerful motor usually indicates better durability, meaning the knife will last longer through frequent use. When choosing a carving knife, prioritizing motor strength helps ensure reliable performance, effortless slicing, and a more satisfying kitchen experience.
Safety Features Included
A powerful motor helps you cut through tough meats and dense bread with ease, but safety features are equally essential for confident handling. Safety lock buttons prevent accidental activation during storage or handling, giving peace of mind. Dual safety lock systems ensure the blades only operate when properly secured, reducing the risk of injury. Blade release buttons make removing blades quick and safe for cleaning or replacement. Auto-shutoff mechanisms or safety switches help prevent unintentional operation during use, adding an extra layer of protection. Certification labels like ETL confirm the knife meets recognized safety standards, ensuring reliable performance and safety compliance. Together, these features help you carve confidently, knowing safety is built into your electric carving knife.
Ergonomic Handling Design
When selecting an electric carving knife, paying attention to its ergonomic handling design can make a significant difference in your slicing experience. A comfortable grip reduces hand fatigue, especially during long use, making carving easier and less tiring. Handles with contoured shapes provide better control and precision, helping you achieve cleaner slices. Non-slip materials on the handle enhance safety by preventing accidental slips, even when your hands are wet or greasy. Lightweight construction minimizes strain, allowing for smoother maneuvering regardless of strength or stamina. An ergonomic grip also benefits both left- and right-handed users, offering versatility and ease of use. Overall, choosing a knife with thoughtful ergonomic design ensures comfort, safety, and better control, transforming carving from a chore into an effortless task.
Corded vs. Cordless
Choosing between corded and cordless electric carving knives depends on how you plan to use them. Corded models deliver continuous power, ensuring consistent performance without battery worries, making them ideal for indoor use or long carving sessions. However, the attached cord can limit your movement, especially around large tables or in tight spaces. On the other hand, cordless knives offer greater flexibility and maneuverability, perfect for outdoor gatherings or areas without nearby outlets. They run on rechargeable batteries, which need regular charging and may run out of power during extended use. Your choice hinges on factors like mobility needs, available power sources, and how long you expect to carve. Both options have their advantages, so consider your specific tasks before deciding.
Maintenance and Cleaning
To keep your electric carving knife performing at its best, regular maintenance and proper cleaning are vital. I recommend choosing models with dishwasher-safe blades and parts, making cleanup quick and thorough. Removable blades are a big plus—they allow for easy, safe cleaning without tools, saving you time and effort. After use, I wipe down the motor housing with a damp cloth to prevent grease buildup and maintain hygiene. It’s essential to avoid submerging the entire knife in water, especially the motor or handle, to prevent electrical damage. Safety locks or blade covers are also valuable, protecting blades during cleaning and storage, which extends their lifespan. Proper care ensures your knife stays sharp, safe, and ready whenever you need it.
Versatility in Use
A versatile electric carving knife can handle a wide range of foods, making it a valuable addition to any kitchen toolkit. Models with multiple blade types let me easily switch between slicing meats, bread, or vegetables, expanding its use. Adjustable speed settings help me customize the cutting process for different textures and thicknesses, ensuring precise results. Features like a dual safety lock and ergonomic design make handling safe and comfortable, even during longer tasks. Cordless options give me the freedom to use the knife outdoors or in places without easy access to outlets. Additionally, blades that are reusable and dishwasher-safe simplify maintenance and allow quick swaps for different slicing needs. Overall, versatility is key to maximizing my electric carving knife’s usefulness across various tasks.
Price and Warranty
When evaluating electric carving knives, considering their price and warranty options helps me find a model that fits my budget and offers reliable support. Prices range from around $30 for budget-friendly options to over $100 for premium models, so I can choose based on my needs. I also check the warranty period, which typically lasts 1 to 3 years, to assure coverage for defects or malfunctions. It’s important to see if the warranty includes parts, labor, or both, especially for blades that may need replacing. Higher-priced models often come with longer or more extensive warranties, indicating better durability and manufacturer confidence. I also review the terms, such as authorized repairs and registration requirements, to make sure support will be smooth if issues arise.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Does the Battery Last on Cordless Electric Carving Knives?
The battery on cordless electric carving knives typically lasts around 45 minutes to an hour on a full charge. I find this enough for most meal preparations, whether slicing large roasts or multiple turkey servings. Of course, battery life can vary depending on the model and how thick or tough the meat is. I always keep a spare charged battery handy just in case I need extra runtime.
Are Replacement Blades Compatible Across Different Brands?
Replacement blades usually aren’t compatible across different brands because each brand designs their blades to fit specific models. I’ve found that sticking with the same brand guarantees a perfect fit and peak performance. Before buying, I always check the manufacturer’s recommendations or model numbers to avoid any compatibility issues. This way, I know I’m getting blades that work seamlessly with my electric carving knife, saving me time and frustration.
Can Electric Knives Be Safely Used for Delicate Fish Filleting?
Think of an electric knife as a gentle brush for delicate fish filleting. Yes, it can be safely used if you choose a model with a fine, flexible blade designed for precision. I recommend using one with adjustable speed settings, so you can control the cut softly and avoid tearing. When handled carefully, it turns the task into a smooth, almost artistic process, making filleting feel effortless and satisfying.
What Is the Typical Lifespan of an Electric Carving Knife?
An electric carving knife usually lasts around 3 to 5 years with regular use and proper care. I’ve found that keeping the blades sharp, cleaning it after each use, and avoiding overuse helps extend its lifespan. If the motor starts to slow down or it struggles to cut, it might be time to replace it. Proper maintenance and gentle handling can make your knife serve you well for years.
Are There Specific Safety Features to Consider for Novice Users?
Absolutely, safety features are vital, especially for newbies. I look for knives with blade guards, safety switches, and lock buttons, which prevent accidental starts. These features give me peace of mind and make carving safer and more comfortable. If you’re new to electric knives, choose one with clear safety mechanisms. They help avoid mishaps and boost your confidence, making your slicing experience enjoyable and worry-free.
Conclusion
Choosing the right electric carving knife is like finding the perfect tool to unlock your kitchen’s potential. Whether you prefer cordless convenience or stainless steel precision, there’s a blade out there that makes slicing feel effortless. Think of it as your trusted sidekick, turning tough cuts into tender bites with ease. So, pick the one that fits your needs, and enjoy slicing like a pro—your culinary adventures just got a whole lot smoother.